The Potential Effects of a Depleted Ozone Layer Essay Example For Students

The Potential Effects of a Depleted Ozone Layer Essay And God said, let there be light and there was light and then God saw thelight, that it was good ( Genesis 1: 3-4 ). Undoubtedly, light is good. Without light man could not survive. Light is the ultimate cosmic force in thisuniverse allowing man to progress and flourish. In the form of heat, light fromthe sun warms the Earth. Light, also, is the single most important factorinfluencing the growth and development of plants. Photosynthesis, a process bywhich plants incorporate light from the sun, allow plants to botanically growand survive. Certain forms of light are harmful and thus can be said are bad. We will write a custom essay on The Potential Effects of a Depleted Ozone Layer specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now A natural umbrella called the ozone layer protects the Earth and its inhabitantsby screening out this harmful light. For millions of years ozone has beenprotecting the earth by absorbing ultraviolet or bad radiation from the sun (Rowland, 1992, p.66 ). This natural umbrella protecting mankind has recentlysuffered the effects of industrialized society. This ozone shield isdissipating and the cause is laid primarily to man made chemicals( Bowermaster et al, 1990, p.27 ). If enough of these man madechemicals are released, the ozone layer would be weakened to such an extentthat it does not filter out the suns invisible and dangerous ultraviolet rays ( Jones, 1992, p.36 ). Such a scenario would drastically alter society and theenvironment. Ozone depletion has been described as potentialcatastrophe and a planetary time bomb ( Way, 1988, p.9 ). The four mainareas affected by a depleted ozone layer and thus by the corresponding increasein harmful ultraviolet radiation are agricul ture, wildlife, the environment, andhuman health. A depleted ozone layer has a profoundly negative and potentiallydevastating effect on humanity and its surroundings. From an agricultural perspective, a diminished ozone layer poses greatrisks. Since mans evolution from man the hunter and gatherer to man the foodproducer , mankind has grown ever more dependent on his surroundings. In thecase of food production man relies greatly on these surroundings. The land onwhich man attempts to grow food for himself, and certainly for others as well,has sufficed for thousands of years. The crops grown on his land have providedthousands with food to eat in the ancient world, millions with food to eat inthe medieval world, and billions with food to eat in the present world. Regrettably, there have always been times of hunger and shortages. Morefrighteningly, in the present world man is confronted with a population boomwhich is burgeoning near the six billion mark. It is now more important thanever to protect, maintain, and hopefully increase the amount of food grown. Oneof the drawbacks of industrialization has been the significant depletion of theozone layer. This depletion could have an incredibly devastating impact on theworld and more specifically agriculture. In general, plants are quitesensitive and fragile when confronted with ultraviolet increases ( Zimmer,1993, p.28 ). Words such as sensitivity and fragility only add to the urgency ofthe possible agricultural holocaust. One agricultural scientist remarked, soybeans, tomatoes, tobacco, potatoes, corn, beans, and wheat are all especiallysensitive to UV light ( Jones, 1992, p.39 ). Since most of the mentioned cropsare considered cash crops the economic aspect of lower crop yields could alsospel l disaster. Food supplies are surely in jeopardy when taking in to accountthat more than two thirds of the plant species mainly crops tested fortheir reaction to ultraviolet light have been found to be damaged by it ( Leanet al, 1990, p.97 ). An increase in ultraviolet light radiating towards plantsaccelerates the pace at which man must decide what to do with the dilemma of abooming and more importantly hungry population. Conceedingly, plants, as anyelement of life, have been known to adapt to contemporary and dangerous changesin its surroundings but it cannot be dismissed that UV radiation can alsomutate the genes of plants which are the fundamental building blocks of alllife ( Bowermaster et al, 1990, p.44 ). Interference with the foundations oflife can also lead to calamity and more importantly a yet foreseen and unknowncalamity. In 1988, then U.S. Interior secretary Donald Hoedel proposed copingwith ozone depletion by simply wearing

Translating Feel to Spanish

Translating Feel to Spanish The English verb to feel is one of those verbs that can be tricky to translate to Spanish. More so than with most words, you need to think of what the word means when trying to come up with a Spanish equivalent. If youre fairly new to Spanish and trying to think of how to say a sentence using feel in Spanish, you should probably see first if you can think of a different, and simpler if possible, way of saying what you want to say. For example, a sentence such as I feel sad means basically the same thing as I am sad, which can be expressed as Estoy triste. In that case, using sentirse to translate feel would also work: Me siento triste. In fact, sentir or sentirse frequently is a good translation, as it usually means to feel an emotion. (Sentir comes from the same Latin word as the English word sentiment.) But sentir doesnt work with many uses of feel, as in these sentences: That feels smooth. I feel like going to the store. I feel that its dangerous. It feels cold. In those cases, you need to think of a different verb to use. Here are some of the ways you can translate feel:   Feeling an Emotion As stated above, sentir or sentirse can often be used when referring to emotions: Me siento muy feliz. (I feel very happy.)Me siento fuerte psicolà ³gicamente. (I feel psychologically strong.)Se siente en conflicto cuando necesita escoger entre uno u otro. (He feels conflicted when he needs to choose one or the other.)No sentimos nada. (We dont feel anything.) However, Spanish has many expressions using other verbs to express emotions. Here are a few: Estoy muy feliz. (I am very happy. I feel very happy.)Él tenà ­a miedo. (He was afraid. He felt afraid.)Tengo celos a mi hermana. (Im jealous of my sister. I feel jealous of my sister.)De repente se enojà ³. (Suddenly he got angry. Suddenly he felt angry.) Sentirse is frequently used with como to express the concept of feeling like a ...: Se sintià ³ como una extraà ±a en su propia casa. (She felt like a stranger in her own home.)Me siento como una estrella del rock. (I feel like a rock star.) Feeling Sensations Spanish generally doesnt use sentir to express what is felt with the senses. Sensations are often expressed by idioms using tener. If describing what something feels like, you can often use parecer (see next section): Tienen hambre. (Theyre hungry. They feel hungry.)Tengo frà ­o. (Im cold. I feel cold. It feels cold here.)Tenà ­an sed. (They were thirsty. They felt thirsty.) Meaning ‘To Seem’ When to seem can be substituted for to feel, you can often translate using the verb parecer: Parece lisa al tacto. (It feels smooth to the touch. It seems smooth to the touch.)Parece que va a llover. (It feels like its going to rain. It seems that it is going to rain.)La herramienta me parece à ºtil. (The tool feels useful. The tool seems useful to me.) Meaning ‘To Touch’ Tocar and palpar are often used to refer to touching something. Although palpar comes from the same source as palpate, it is used much more often than the English word and can also be used in informal contexts. El mà ©dico me palpà ³ el abdomen. (The doctor felt my abdomen.)Todos tocaron la piel de zorro para que les diera buena suerte. (Everyone felt the fox skin so it would give them good luck.) ‘To Feel Like’ Meaning ‘To Want To’ A phrase such as to feel like doing something can be translated using querer or other verbs used to express desire: Quisiera comer una hamburguesa. (I feel like (eating) a hamburger. I would like to eat a hamburger.)Prefiero salir yo con mis amigos. (I feel like leaving with my friends. I prefer to leave with my friends.)Katrina no tenà ­a ganas de estudiar. (Katrina didnt feel like studying. Katrina didnt have a desire to study.) For Giving Opinions Feel is often used to express opinions or beliefs. In such cases, you can use opinar, creer or similar verbs: Pienso que no me gusta. (I feel I dont like it. I think I dont like it.)Creo que Argentina es el mejor equipo del mundo. (I feel that Argentina is the best team in the world. I believe that Argentina is the best team in the world.) ¿Por quà © supones que tienes una infeccià ³n? (Why do you feel you have an infection? Why do you suppose you have an infection?) Key Takeaways Although sentir and sentirse are the most common verbs translating to feel, in many situations they would be incorrect.Other verbs that are frequently used for to feel include tocar, querer, and creer.A good way to translate feel is to instead translate a synonym for feel as it used in the context.

The native american problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The native american problem - Essay Example The Native American has been ridiculed through stereotypes like dirty and savage. For instance, there have been programs aimed that forcing the red Indians from the ancestral lands that they held with high regard for serving cultural and traditional purposes. Many factors contributed to the Native American problem amidst challenges facing the native occupants like poor health, fewer job opportunities, and housing problems among others. The Spanish Native Americans have also been a subject of the Native American problem. Christopher Columbus conquered the natives who were living on Santo Domingo and was also the discoverer of New World which according the natives, was the world they lived (Templeton 1). Christopher Columbus is thus the pioneer to current Native American problem since he kidnaped some Spaniards in the Santo Domingo and took them back with him to Spain. However, the destruction of the colony and killing of the Tainos shows how the rest of perceived the natives of low regards. In this case, the Spanish had oppressed and enslaved the Native Americans in their ancestral lands. History holds that discovery of the New World by Christopher Columbus led to killings of many Native Americans, since they wanted the tribes wiped out (Templeton 1). History holds that the French were a bit lenient to the Native Americans since they ensured that there existed a mutual relationship with tribes. The French had come to America mainly to trade in fur, an activity that was common with the natives. The movie Black Robe shows the good relationship between French and the Native Americans where the French tried to convert red Indians to Catholicism (Templeton 1). The Indians were a bit smarter and the French presumed they were a valuable community. History holds that the English were major mixed reactions to the natives or the tribes in America, and they had less contact with the natives. In this case, the English had less to do with

TAM model Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

TAM model - Thesis Example The concept aims to explain the aspects that facilitate the comprehension of the level of acceptance that can be shown by the user for any specific technology. There are basically four types of technology acceptance models that have evolved with the passage of the years: TAM: TAM is the most commonly applied model for evaluating the level of acceptance and usage by a user. Venkatesh stated that TAM was initially devised from Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) which was proposed by Ajzen and Fishbein in 1975 [86]. TAM is mainly based on two aspects that are directed towards evaluating the intention of a user to use a certain system or technology; perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. Advantage: Venkatesh further explained the TAM model and stated that there exists a simple relation between these two factors [86]. Perceived ease of usage will be influenced by perceived usefulness since an easier technology will prove to be more useful for the user. He defined these two main aspe cts and stated the following definitions: Perceived Ease of Use: It is the perception of a technology from the perspective of the user. For example, the perception will measure the easiness of the functions that the system or technology has to offer; this easiness will result in lesser efforts to use the technology. Perceived Usefulness: It is the degree of benefits that are perceived to be attained from the usage of any technology. For example, a user will evaluate the e-government service and make a perceptiwon about the advantages that can be attained by him. The following figure describes the TAM model: Figure: TAM Model [85] Porter and Donthu stated that TAM can be adopted when research costs are required to be minimal but effective results need to be attained [92]. It explains greater degree of variance when the user’s attitude is required to be investigated. Disadvantage: This model was devoid of reflecting the demographic differences among the users and tried to measu re the level of acceptance while assuming constant profiles related to gender, age etc. Limitations: This model failed to address some of the perceptions of barriers of usage of computer technology [92]. TAM 2: TAM 2 was proposed by Venkatesh and Davis (2000) to overcome the limitations in the previous model of TAM [85]. Chuttur stated that their efforts (to propose a new model in place of the existing one) were initiated to address the limitations that were being witnessed in TAM regarding the explanation of how a user perceives something as useful or less appealing [85]. In trying to make the model more comprehensive, some new variables were proposed to attain effective reasoning regarding the preference of any system or technology. Chuttur also stated that in order to test the effectiveness of the newly proposed model, Venkatesh and Davis conducted a survey in which the participants were asked to provide their feedback regarding the usage of four systems; two of them were volunta ry while the other two were mandatory [85]. The following model was proposed for extending TAM and conducting the survey: Figure: TAM 2 attributes [85] The survey concluded that the model provided satisfactory results for mandatory, as well as voluntary technology and systems. However, it was also revealed that subjective norm did not play a role in

Effective Strategies for a Student Success Essay

Effective Strategies for a Student Success - Essay Example This paper tends to discuss some very important steps and strategies that will help every student to show success by leaps and bounds. All that is needed is the determination and strong-mindedness to follow these steps. Determination and Commitment The first and foremost thing that a student needs is determination to succeed, and commitment with his work. If he has made up his mind to achieve his goals and milestones, and that he will do anything to reach his destination, then there is no power that can stop him from getting what he wants. This commitment will motivate him, and will boost his energies in the positive direction, so much so that he will start finding himself not too far away from his educational objectives. Time Management The next important strategy for a student is to manage his time properly, so that he can balance his work and extra-curricular activities in the most effectual manner. Students must set priorities in their lives, and must be determined enough to give their schoolwork the top priority. Time management will help them meet deadlines that their instructors have set for them regarding their assignments. Students must finish their assignments well in time, because this will make their image better in the eyes of their professors, which is a good thing toward their success. Students must also set regular routines for their sleeping and waking patterns, and must be able to follow their time tables. Again, all this comes with determination and commitment with work. Time management is the key to success in academic life (Hirsch, 2001, p.99). Improving Interpersonal Skills One important strategy is to be at good terms not only with the peers, but also with the instructors. Good communication is the key to success. A student must be able to share his ideas and problems with his class fellows and with the teachers, without hesitation. This way, he will be able to do his work more effectively. This will also help him gain knowledge through e xchange of thoughts. Good communication skills also help the student when he has to express his ideas, both verbally and in writing. A tip is that students may join communication improvement classes, which are held at some training institutes. This will help them not only in their educational phase, but also later in their professional careers. Developing Reading Habit It is a tragedy that today’s students have left the habit of reading books. Libraries are empty, because students find it easier to consult computers and the internet for every type of knowledge. A book is a man’s best friend, because it makes him learn such things that he cannot grasp from the internet. It is very important for a student to develop reading habit, because it is the most effective way of improving vocabulary and diction. Reading will help them become â€Å"strong, life-long readers† (Collins, 2004, p.50). Developing Critical Thinking Skills It is important for the students to devel op strong critical thinking skills. Only memorizing the concepts, words for word, does not guarantee success. The key to success is to think about issues critically; that is, to critically examine the evidence, facts, statistics, and to develop reasoning for arguments. Students must know how to develop arguments, and how to defend their position with sound proofs. They must be able to make judgments, and argue about what they feel objectionable.

Democracy Succeed In Pakistan Politics Essay

Democracy Succeed In Pakistan Politics Essay Democracy is a form of government in which people elect their representatives themselves and the representatives of the people form government and opposition. Counseling is the base of a democratic state. The state ensures equality and equity for all citizens irrespective of their caste, color, language and race. The government performs all duties, for the welfare of all the people and is accountable to people in the performance of obligations. The opinion of each citizen is respected and given due importance. Every citizen has a right to vote to his favorite candidate, to contest election, to join any party and form his own party. That it is why democracy is defined as Rule of the people, by the people, rule for the people (Lincoln, 1) Pakistan came into being as a result of a strong democratic movement under the leadership of Quaid-e-Azam. The people of Pakistan, who faced all the problems and difficult circumstances, showed their determination for gaining freedom. They boldly faced the situation and gradually solved the problems. The Pakistani movement was based on Muslims` inalienable rights of independence and the real implementation of democracy was one of the objectives of establishment of Pakistan. It was thought to adopt the democratic structure and enforce democratic values. Quaid-e-Azam described the objective of establishment of Pakistan as Let us promote Democracy according to the Islamic principles. Unfortunately, it is a disheartening spectacle that within a period of 65 years, Pakistan has not proved itself a democratic state in its true sense. Instead of becoming a model of democracy as visualized by Quaid-e-Azam, Pakistan has become what may be best described as lame democracy (Shaikh, 1) Pakistan was governed by civil and military bureaucrats during its early years. The first democratic elections were held in December, 1970. In the constitution of 1973, a democratic parliamentary government was formed for the first time in the history of Pakistan. This first phase of democratic government continued till 1979. Second and third democratic phases were between 1988 to 1999 and 2007 to the present date respectively. In this way, Pakistan remained as a democratic state for only 24 years. Democratic traditions are not yet developed in Pakistan and during these 24 years, democracy proved itself nothing but a failure. Although implementation of democracy was one of the objectives of Pakistan however, democracy cannot succeed in Pakistan because its political leaders, bureaucrats and feudal landlords will never let democracy flourish. Moreover, basic democratic traditions of equality and freedom are not followed in Pakistan. The main responsibility for the failure of democracy lies with politicians. Firstly, they are not sincere with their jobs and are unfaithful to the state. Secondly, Pakistani political leaders are so incompetent that their policies keep failing. People vote a set of politicians with a hope that their elected representatives will act as their faithful leaders and will devote themselves wholeheartedly to the services of the mankind. But to people`s dismay, Pakistani politicians do not act as honest leaders rather they act as corrupt and disloyal politicians whom ambitions lie in filling their own pockets with public money. Political leaders are responsible for playing games with people for their own benefits. They have destroyed the purpose of creating an independent homeland of Pakistan by giving rise to favoritism and corruption. In Pakistani democratic system, the elected leaders do not regularly visit their constituencies as they are least bothered of public issues. In addition, mo st politicians contest elections on the basis of fake degrees. According to an official report, 106 politicians have been counted for contesting elections on the basis of fake degrees. (qtd. in culprits, 1) This clearly depicts dishonesty of political leaders. Confidence cannot be restored in the masses. Moreover, political leaders are incompetent and are unable to find out the solutions to the nations` problems. Political process keeps collapsing in Pakistan and policies of political parties keep changing and it is very hard for the politicians to reach unanimous stance for a particular policy. The policy of nationalization and posting of incompetent management halted democracy further. Ever since the creation of Pakistan, the same political parties have stayed in power. For example, Pakistan People`s Party came into power many times. People keep supporting the same party under the slogan of Roti, Kapra aur Makaan because of their affection for the founder of the party without even realizing the consequences of their support. Under these circumstances, democracy can never flourish in its true sense. Bureaucracy also imposes a serious threat to democracy. Practically the constitution of Pakistan is based upon the democratic principles. However, the proposals in the constitution could not be implemented because of the attitude of some people, who are not ready to leave the laws introduced by the British government. Bureaucracy has always remained powerful since the creation of Pakistan. It comprises the Central Superior Services and the Provincial Civil Services. (Piracha, 1) and the main cause which stimulated the culture of bureaucracy in Pakistan is institutional imbalance. Bureaucracy is neither in favor of giving power to anyone nor is ready to become responsible to anyone. This attitude is one of the main obstacles in the way to democracy. Most of the bureaucrats become partial and exploit resources of the country for a favorite political party. Bureaucrats of Pakistan are notorious for their corruption, inefficiency, and incompetency and thus responsible for destroying demo cracy in the country. Another main cause for the failure of democracy in Pakistan is feudal system. Pakistan has inherited feudal system from British India and this feudal system will never let democracy flourish in Pakistan. Feudal land lords have a major role in forming policies and they would never like to formulate those policies which are against their interest or are beneficial for the people. The feudal lords acted as traitors and supported British leaders for creating a moth-eaten Pakistan and now, at the present day, Pakistan is nothing but a feudal state. Most of the political leaders of Pakistan are feudal lords who have established their identities as political leaders. The feudal lords keep people at arm`s length and treat them as their slaves. The rigid nature of this class system has deprived Pakistan from educational and economic development. The farmers` community is under the control of their feudal masters. Such underprivileged and economically demoted peasants can have no other option but to vote for their masters. The famers live beyond the poverty line and cannot even express their will freely. Here, the spirit of democracy is violated. Peasants are forced to support their lords due to their fear or may be due to lack of knowledge. In this way, the elections are of no use since the peasants will only vote for their feudal lords under their pressure and democracy will be worse than oligarchy. Supremacy of feudal class is destroying democracy as well as national integration which itself essential for democracy. Democracy has been proved beneficial for the feudal land lords since it provides a cover to them and allows them to rule for as long as they want. As far as common people are concerned, they feel themselves totally neglected in such a democracy. In this situation of distorted democracy, even a thousand elections will not change Pakistans future. Democracy is based on basic traditions of equality and freedom of speech among citizens. As far as Pakistani democratic system is concerned, it has failed to achieve either equality or freedom among people and thus democracy in Pakistan is unsuccessful. This is a clear evidence of inequality when people have to pay bribes in order to get themselves a job. There exists no merit policy, while making appointments and discrimination on the basis of caste, social status and even gender has eliminated the whole concept of democracy. Rich can easily exploit the poor. For example, the wealthy people are always encouraged instead of educated people. Very few educated people join politics and assemblies. In this way, the uneducated people sitting in parliaments cannot build a democratic society on proper lines. In a democratic state, the opinion of each citizen is respected and given due importance. The citizens have full liberty to criticize the working of the government. Although freedom of speech exists to some extent in Pakistan, but due to no constitutional safeguard, it is not fully implemented. A common Pakistani citizen lacks constitutional protection and thus when any civil servant tries for the good governance; he has to face many obstacles. Whenever someone tries to raise his voice against government, he is pushed back instead of going forward. For example, many journalists of Pakistan who try to raise their voice against politicians are threatened by them. Many senior journalists have disclosed that they had received serious threats from both non-state and state actors. Similarly, many journalists have been murdered in Pakistan namely Abdul Haq Baluch, Abdul Qadir Hajiazi, Abdul Razzaq Gul, Tariq Kamal, Aurengzeb Tunio, Murtaaza Razvi, Syed Saleem Shahzad, and Mukarram Khan Aatif. (Admin, 1) Moreover, police had beaten journalists in Pakistan on Press Freedom day and while they were covering the arrival of Asif Ali Zardari. (Khan, 1) Under these circumstances , no one will dare to stand against government. When the true meaning of democracy has not been fulfilled by Pakistani government, it cannot declare itself a democratic state. Illiteracy is also one of the reasons for not letting democracy succeed in Pakistan. In Pakistan, the education sector remained neglected for a long time. In the census of 1951 the literacy rate of Pakistan was 16% that rose to 26.2% in 1981. According to the census of 1998, literacy rate of Pakistan is 43.92% and literacy rate in 2009 is calculated to be 58% which is very low as compared to the developed countries. (Admin, 1) Such underprivileged and uneducated people cannot make right choices. So maximum part of Pakistan`s population is still suffering in the darkness of illiteracy and backwardness and is unable to contribute anything towards the development of the country. High rate of literacy is important for democracy because illiteracy also leads to poverty. An illiterate and economically impoverished community cannot comprehend and follow the true spirit of democracy. In Pakistan, most of the political leaders and parties support democracy. It is argued by its advocates that in a democratic state, rulers can easily be changed without violence. This belief is false as it is evident that whenever any democratic government fails, it is overtaken by military government and the solution is never peaceful. Every military intervention that has occurred in Pakistan had always been preceded by periods of lawlessness and mismanagement by the political leaders. The politicians themselves provide opportunity to Army to intervene. Various examples of military rulers in the country include General Ayub Khan, General Zia-ul-Haq and General Pervez Musharraf. Martial law is not itself enforced, but these are the bad tactics and failed democracy of the government which are responsible for giving rise to Martial Law. Moreover, the government can come back again after re-elections, for example Pakistan People`s Party and Pakistan Muslim League came into power many ti mes. The arguments in favor of democracy in Pakistan are fine theoretically but these are inappropriate in the current political scenario. It is believed that a democracy could never survive for long in Pakistan due to the incompetent people in the so called democratic system. People support democracy in Pakistan because they believe that it is the only form of government which gives people an opportunity to make choices and whatsoever their choices are, members elected are majority people`s chosen representatives. General elections are held in true democracy from time to time. The people can easily change their rulers by electing new ones. In Pakistan, the situation is worse because members elected are not people`s representatives. The main reason to it is that only very few people in Pakistan cast their vote and unfortunately, there is very little evidence which can prove that elections in Pakistan are fair and free. Firstly, people of Pakistan are not prosperous and well-off and thus their votes can easily be purchased. It has been noticed that votes are purchased very cheaply. Secondly, there is much rigging in the election process. Kidnapping voters or candidates on elections is a common spectacle. Moreover, Pakistani political parties do not announce their Party-manifesto during the election campaign. First of all, the parties do not believe in any kind of manifesto and secondly, if they do believe so, it is so unclearly mentioned that it practically means nothing to the readers. In addition to this, voter turnout and election system have further destroyed democracy. In the National elections of 2008, the total voter turnout as recorded by the Election Commission was 41.11 percent of the total registered voters. In Punjab, 48.18 percent and in Sindh, 44.16 percent of the registered voters voted at the elections. (petitioner, 71) Such low turnout in elections is destroying the true spirit of a democratic state. Furthermore, the system of election First Past the Post which is followed in Pakistan is not democratic. According to this system, the candidate securing the highest number of votes is the winner. The winning candidate, however, does not necessarily receive an absolute majority of all casted votes. Thus, according to this system, the parliament members who claim to be representatives of people may not command the majority of the votes registered and polled. Therefore, they may not genuinely represent their electorate. In such a situation, true democratic spirit is violated and members elected are not actually the majority chosen representatives. The accountability process is very important in a democratic state which results in clean and fair working of the executive. However, there is no system of accountability in Pakistan. Every incoming government makes big claims about accountability, but no effective step has been taken in this regard. The corrupt bureaucrats and politicians always escape from punishment due to no accountability process. The government affairs are not dealt transparently and the gap between people and the government is not bridged. A large number of politicians and government servants who have been known to be allegedly involved in activities like corruption, but no effective step has been taken against them. Under these circumstances where there is no accountability process, democracy can never flourish. Pakistan is a welfare state which has been struggling for democracy since its creation. The existing government of Pakistan has been proved the worst ever in its history. It is because it has given rise to unemployment, inflation, poverty and economic crisis. Health and education sectors are in their worst conditions. There exists no equality, freedom and rule of law in the country which are the basic norms for democracy. In Pakistan, democracy has only resulted in corruption, bad governance, institutional imbalance and low living standards of people. Democracy is unsuccessful due to incompetent leadership and political policies. Moreover, bureaucracy and feudal system has abolished democracy further. Democracy is not suitable for a country like Pakistan where most of the population is underprivileged. It has also been badly failed in many other countries like Turkey, Thailand, Israel and Africa. Hence it is proved that democracy is not the successful form of government. If it is suc cessful in the United States and India, it is because of their political and social atmospheres. The socio-political atmosphere in Pakistan does not support democracy at all. Pakistani government should take the example of China and Singapore. China is not a democratic state but still the world`s second largest economy. Similarly, Singapore was also not a democratic state when it gained independence and Mr. Lee was its first president. He put Singapore on the map of the world and took it to the heights of success and prosperity. As one writer once said, Singapore has achieved the American dream, but not in the American way. This has been done through what they call a Benevolent Dictator. (Trip, 1) However, in Pakistan, good administration, accountability process and merit policy is the need of the hour. It is proved that democracy cannot succeed in Pakistan and instead of continuing the system of the state as a fragile democracy; Pakistan should either become a theocracy or a commun ist.

The Last Interview of Napoleon Bonaparte by Erica M. Historian Essay

For this interview, I went to visit the St. Helena home of Napoleon Bonaparte. He was the former Emperor of France before he was exiled to this small island. He was to spend the rest of his life here. I was lucky enough to get this interview just a few days before his passing on May 5th, 1821. Erica M. Historian: Hello, Mr. Bonaparte. It is a pleasure to meet you. How are you this evening? Napoleon Bonaparte: Hello. I am doing very well, thank you. Erica M. Historian: May I call you Napoleon? Napoleon Bonaparte: You may, but I rather you call me Emperor. Erica M. Historian: Of course. So, what got you interested in a military career? Napoleon Bonaparte: Around the age of nine, my father had sent me to a military academy in Brienne, France (The Dublin Penny Journal 394). That experience lead me to a career in military and I then became an officer around 1785 (Encyclopedia 2001). Erica M. Historian: I know that you were promoted to a general rank in 1793. You were only twenty- four correct? That is a very young age to become a general. How did you achieve that? Napoleon Bonaparte: That is correct. I became a general by proving I was made to be a leader. I had a countless amount of energy and ambition. I learned how to make the best with what I had and take advantage of opportunities. I successfully defeated the British at the siege of Toulon. After that I even had a few astonishing victories as commander in chief for the army of Italy. This was one of my many achievements (Encyclopedia, 2001). Erica M. Historian: Some refer to you as a military genius. What do you think your most successful battle was? Napoleon Bonaparte: I would have to say the siege of Toulon because this battle really showed my military expertise. If I did no... ...ee cents an acre or even leading my troops into a Russian winter. If I dwelled on my mistakes I made, I would never have time to reminisce about my great accomplishments. Erica M. I was lucky to get this interview when I did. Napoleon, once the Great Emperor of France, passed away just three days after this interview. He passed away on May 5, 1821 of stomach cancer but some believe it was arsenic poising. Most historians do not believe this theory. It was said his last wish was for his son to become emperor (Thompson 436). Works Cited "Napoleon Bonaparte." The Dublin Penny Journal 3.154 (1835): 393-94.JSTOR. Web. 03 May 2014. "Napoleon, Bonaparte." Encyclopedia of Nationalism: Leaders, Movements, and Concepts. Oxford: Elsevier Science & Technology, 2000. Credo Reference. Web. 4 May 2014. Thompson, J. M. Napoleon Bonaparte. New York: Oxford UP, 1952. Print.